Web Development

HTML5

Semantic tags, document structure, forms, tables, media embedding, accessibility basics (alt text, labels, ARIA roles), meta tags, SEO basics, favicon, viewport.

beginner

CSS3

Box model, selectors, specificity, pseudo-classes/elements, Flexbox and CSS Grid, responsive design, animations, transitions, transforms, CSS variables, positioning, z-index stacking.

beginner

JavaScript (Core)

Variables, data types, control flow, functions, scope, closures, hoisting, arrays and array methods, DOM manipulation, event handling, asynchronous JS, ES6+ features.

beginner

Git & GitHub

init, add, commit, push, pull, branch, merge, resolving merge conflicts, .gitignore, README writing, pull requests, forking, collaborating on a shared repo.

beginner

Dev Tools & Fundamentals

VS Code setup, Browser DevTools, how the web works (DNS, HTTP/HTTPS, client-server model, status codes), npm/npx basics, package.json, semantic versioning.

beginner

CSS Frameworks

Bootstrap 5 grid system and components, Tailwind CSS utility-first workflow, and when to use a framework vs writing custom CSS.

beginner

React.js Fundamentals

JSX, functional components, props, composition, useState, useEffect, conditional and list rendering, keys, forms and controlled components, component lifecycle.

beginner

React — Intermediate

React Router, custom hooks, useRef/useMemo/useCallback, Context API for global state, prop drilling, calling REST APIs with fetch/Axios with loading and error states.

intermediate

React — Advanced

State management with Redux Toolkit or Zustand, protected routes and JWT-based auth flow, code-splitting/lazy loading/memoization, and Next.js basics.

advanced

Node.js

Node runtime, CommonJS vs ES modules, npm ecosystem, file system module, event loop, environment variables (.env), process management.

beginner

Express.js

Routing, middleware, request/response cycle, route params, query params, body parsing, error-handling middleware, CORS, and a clean REST API folder structure (MVC).

beginner

MongoDB & Mongoose

NoSQL concepts, documents vs collections, MongoDB Atlas setup, Mongoose schemas/models/validation, CRUD operations, querying, population, indexing basics, aggregation pipeline.

beginner

Authentication & Security

Password hashing with bcrypt, JWT-based authentication with access and refresh tokens, protected routes with auth middleware, and basic security (input validation, rate limiting, helmet.js).

intermediate

Connecting Frontend + Backend

Axios instance setup, interceptors for auth tokens, loading/error states, file/image uploads (Multer, Cloudinary/S3), and real-time features with Socket.io.

intermediate

Deployment

Frontend on Vercel or Netlify, backend on Render/Railway/VPS, MongoDB Atlas, production environment variables and CORS, custom domains.

intermediate

MERN Portfolio Projects (pick 2–3 to actually finish)

Full stack blog/CMS with auth and image uploads, e-commerce app with cart and checkout, real-time chat app with Socket.io, or a social media clone.

advanced

Java Basics

Variables, data types, operators, control flow, arrays, methods, overloading, static vs instance members, input/output, exception handling.

beginner

Object-Oriented Programming

Classes, objects, constructors, this keyword, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, encapsulation, interfaces vs abstract classes, access modifiers, packages.

beginner

Collections & Generics

List, Set, Map implementations, Iterator, Comparator vs Comparable, generics basics, and Java 8+ features (Lambdas, Streams API, Optional, method references).

beginner

Multithreading & Exception Handling

Thread creation, synchronization basics, checked vs unchecked exceptions, try-with-resources, and basic concurrency utilities (ExecutorService).

intermediate

Build Tools & JVM Basics

Maven (pom.xml, dependencies, build lifecycle) with Gradle as alternative, plus JDK vs JRE vs JVM and how Java compiles and runs.

beginner

Web Fundamentals (Java side)

JDBC for connecting Java to MySQL directly, Servlets & JSP basics conceptually, and the MVC architecture pattern.

beginner

Spring Framework Core

Inversion of Control and Dependency Injection, Spring Beans, ApplicationContext, annotations (@Component, @Autowired, @Bean), and Spring MVC basics.

intermediate

Spring Boot

Auto-configuration, starters, embedded Tomcat, application.properties/yml, building REST APIs, exception handling, validation, DTOs vs Entities, and layered Controller → Service → Repository architecture.

intermediate

Spring Data JPA & Hibernate

Entity mapping, relationships, JpaRepository, query methods, @Query (JPQL/native), pagination and sorting, connecting to MySQL, database migrations basics.

intermediate

Spring Security & JWT

Authentication vs authorization, SecurityFilterChain, BCrypt password encoding, custom UserDetailsService, JWT generation/validation/filters, role-based access control, OAuth2 login.

advanced

Connecting Spring Boot + React

CORS configuration in Spring Boot, Axios calls from React to Spring Boot REST endpoints, storing JWT on the frontend via Axios interceptors, and file uploads with multipart/form-data.

intermediate

Testing

JUnit 5 + Mockito basics for service-layer unit tests, and testing REST endpoints with MockMvc or Postman/Newman.

intermediate

Microservices & Cloud-Native

Monolith vs microservices trade-offs, Spring Cloud service discovery (Eureka) and API Gateway, message queues (Kafka/RabbitMQ), Docker containerization, and conceptual Kubernetes.

advanced

Deployment

Backend on Railway, Render, or AWS EC2/Elastic Beanstalk; frontend on Vercel/Netlify; database on Railway MySQL / AWS RDS / PlanetScale.

intermediate

DSA

Arrays, strings, recursion, backtracking, trees, graphs, dynamic programming, greedy, and time/space complexity analysis — run in parallel throughout, not just Phase 8.

advanced

Low-Level Design (LLD)

SOLID principles, design patterns (Factory, Singleton, Strategy, Observer, Builder), UML basics, and classic LLD problems like Parking Lot, Elevator System, Splitwise, Tic-Tac-Toe, BookMyShow.

advanced

High-Level Design (HLD)

Scalability, caching (Redis), CDNs, database sharding and replication, CAP theorem, SQL vs NoSQL trade-offs, message queues, and classic HLD problems.

advanced